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Donald Paul Pinkel (born September 7, 1926) is an American medical doctor who specializes in pediatric hematology and oncology. He was born in Buffalo, New York and graduated from Canisius High School in 1944.〔()〕 He has made contributions to cures for several forms of childhood cancer, including leukemia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.science-connections.com/profiles/pinkel/pinkel.html )〕 He has received many awards and recognitions for his research work, including the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1972, the Kettering Prize for cancer research in 1986,〔 and the Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research in 2003. Pinkel was the first director of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, serving from 1962 to 1973.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://stanfordstjude.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=117&Itemid=87 )〕 He has also authored or co-authored numerous books, chapters in books, and journal articles.〔 ==Director of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital== Dr. Donald Pinkel served as the first director and CEO of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1962 to 1973 focusing on Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most frequent cancer in young children, he and his colleagues identified four major obstacles to its cure: drug resistance, drug toxicity, meningeal relapse, and most important, pessimism. Dr. Pinkel and his colleagues at St Jude, the patron of the hopeless, instituted a treatment program aimed at permanent cure of ALL. Called "Total Therapy," it was based on all the available relevant laboratory and clinical research and experience. There were four phases: remission induction, remission consolidation or intensification, specific pre-emptive meningeal treatment and continuation chemotherapy for 3 years. Both radiotherapy and instillation of drug directly into spinal fluid were used for meningeal treatment. Eventually a 50% cure rate was achieved in the 1967-68 study V; this cure rate continues for the children in this study 40 years later. This was the first significant cure rate for generalized cancer and for primarily drug treatment of cancer. This four-phase treatment plan is still used today with numerous modifications. Increases in resources and trained physicians and nurses, better infection control, safer blood transfusion and newer drugs and drug schedules have increased the reported cure rates to 75-85% of treated children with ALL in developed countries. Better use of drugs both systemically and by instillation into the spinal fluid have replaced the need for radiation therapy to pre-empt meningeal relapse in most children with ALL.〔("Dr. Donald Pinkel" ), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Donald Pinkel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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